Comprehensive Organic Chemistry Volume II

The document contains the contents.

The document contains the preface.

After studying this Unit, you will be able to:

• name haloalkanes and haloarenes according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature from their given structures;
• describe the reactions involved in the preparation of haloalkanes and haloarenes and understand various reactions that they undergo;
• correlate the structures of haloalkanes and haloarenes with various types of reactions;
• use stereochemistry as a tool for understanding the reaction mechanism;
• appreciate the applications of organo-metallic compounds;
• highlight the environmental effects of polyhalogen compounds.

After studying this Unit, you will be able to:

• name alcohols, phenols and ethers according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature and vice-versa;
• discuss the reactions involved in the preparation of alcohols from:

    (i) alkenes,

    (ii) aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids;

• discuss the reactions involved in the preparation of phenols from:

      (i) haloarenes,

      (ii) benzene sulphonic acids,

      (iii) diazonium salts, and

       (iv) cumene;

• discuss the reactions for preparation of ethers from:

    (i) alcohols, and

    (ii) alkyl halides and sodium alkoxides/aryloxides;

• correlate physical properties of alcohols, phenols and ethers with their structures, and
• discuss chemical reactions of the three classes of compounds on the basis of their functional groups.

After studying this Unit, you will be able to:

• write the common and IUPAC names of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids,
• write the structures of the compounds containing functional groups namely carbonyl and carboxyl groups,
• describe the important methods of preparation and reactions of these classes of compounds,
• correlate physical properties and chemical reactions of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids, with their structures,
• explain the mechanism of a few selected reactions of aldehydes and ketones,
• understand various factors affecting the acidity of carboxylic acids and their reactions,
• describe the uses of aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids

After studying this Unit, you will be able to:

• describe amines as derivatives of ammonia having pyramidal structure;
• classify amines as primary, secondary and tertiary amines;
• name amines by common and IUPAC systems;
• describe different methods of preparation of amines;
• explain properties of amines;
• distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary amines;
• describe preparation of diazonium salts and their importance in the synthesis of series of aromatic compounds including azo dyes.

After studying this Unit, you will be able to:

• define the biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids;
• classify carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins and hormones on the basis of their structural aspects and functions;
• explain the difference between DNA and RNA;
• appreciate the role of these biomolecules in biosystem.

After studying this Unit, you will be able to:

• explain the terms-monomer, polymer and polymerisation and appreciate their importance;
• distinguish between classes of polymers and different types of polymerisation process;
• appreciate the formation of polymers from mono and bifunctional monomer molecules;
• describe the preparation, properties and uses of some important synthetic polymers and the utility of biodegradable polymers

After studying this Unit, you will be able to:

• visualise the importance of chemistry in daily life;
• explain the term ‘chemotherapy’;
• understand the use of chemical compounds for drug designing;
• describe the basis of classification of drugs;
• explain drug-target interaction of enzymes and receptors;
• explain how various types of drugs function in the body;
• explain why drugs cause side effects;
• know about artificial sweetening agents and food preservatives;
• discuss the chemistry of cleansing agents.